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Objective: to study the causes and predictors of mental disorders during the COVID-19 epidemic in those who turned to psychiatrist for the first time, as well as in patients with already diagnosed mental illness. Patients and methods. We examined 100 patients who turned to a psychiatrist due to a deterioration in their mental state during the pandemic, 50 patients were newly diagnosed (Group 1) and 50 with previously diagnosed mental disorders (Group 2). The study was carried out by a clinical method using a specially designed map, followed by statistical processing of the obtained data. Results and discussion. Mental disorders caused by the COVID-19 pandemic more often occurred at a young age, in patients with higher and secondary specialized education, and in single patients. In the 1st group, as a result of exposure to psychogenic factors (the influence of the media, quarantine, economic changes), anxiety (36.8%) and depressive (21.1%) disorders occurred more often, and after the coronavirus infection, depressive disorders were in the first place (54.2%). The 2nd group mostly included patients with endogenous disorders (bipolar affective disorder - 24%, recurrent depressive disorder - 20%, schizophrenia - 20%), which were exacerbated more often as a result of COVID-19, to a lesser extent - psychogenic (experiences associated with a change in material status and illness of relatives). Obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders have been associated with epidemic factors. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that there are differences between the mental disorders that first appeared during the pandemic and the exacerbations of the condition in mentally ill patients, which relate to the predictors, causes and clinical manifestations of these disorders.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Objectives: The objective of this study is to measure the national impact of COVID-19 on cervical cancer screening rates in Colombia in five of its geographic regions to inform future health policy decision making. Method(s): This study utilized a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series design to examine changes in trends for the number of cervical cancer screenings performed in five geographic regions of Colombia. Result(s): In the rural region of Vichada, we found the lowest incidence of cervical cancer screenings, totaling at 3,771 screenings. In Cundinamarca, the region which hosts the capital city, a total of 1,213,048 cervical cancer screenings were performed. The researcher measured the impact on cervical cancer screenings in December 2021 against the counterfactual. This impact was ~269 cases that were not performed in December 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the counterfactual. In Cundinamarca, unlike other regions, we observed a stagnant pre-pandemic trend, a sharp drop in screenings in March 2020, and an immediate upward trend starting in April 2020. In the month of April 2020, compared to the counterfactual, there were 27,359 screenings missed, and by the month of December 2021, there were only 5,633 cervical cancer screenings missed. Conclusion(s): The region of Cundinamarca's sharp climb back to pre-pandemic screening levels could signal the relatively stronger communication system in the region, and especially in the capital district of Bogota, in re-activating the economy. This can serve as an example of what should be implemented in other regions to improve cervical cancer screening rates. Areas for further research include the examination of social determinants of health, such as the breakdown of the type of insurance screened patients hold (public versus private), zone (urban versus rural), insurance providers of those screened, ethnicities of the patients screened, and percentage of screenings that resulted in early detection of cervical cancer.Copyright © 2023
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This paper examines the relevance of the use of a single irradiation of lungs in treatment of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus infection. Clinical observations are presented that demonstrate perspectives in the treatment of this disease. Patients with severe pneumonia who were prescribed LD-RT (low-dose radiation therapy) at a dose of 0.5-1.5 Gy showed shorter recovery times and no complications. This method of treatment has shown its effectiveness in a number of studies from different countries, predicting success and economic benefits in its further use and study. A literature search containing information on relevant studies was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar systems. Attention was focused on full-text articles given their general availability in a pandemic.Copyright © 2021 VIDAR Publishing House. All right reserved.
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Objectives Drugs and medical supplies counterfeiting is one of the worldwide major problems that pose a significant threat to both global public health and the economy. Nowadays, one of the major unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic is the disastrous repercussions on the economy worldwide. The latter brought forth a noticeable rise in pharmaceutical and medical counterfeit products. Drug counterfeiting has thrived parallel to the expansion of electronic networks and the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the current study is to explore the perceived influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the circulation of counterfeit drugs and medical supplies through the electronic market in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Jordan. The questionnaire was self-administered to the public as they are the probable counterfeit medicine victims and as drug counterfeiting is a nationwide problem. To capture participants' views, a total of 460 respondents were recruited and a simple random sampling strategy was used to collect data. The inclusion criteria were consumers aged 18 years old and above, who use the Internet when purchasing drugs and medical supplies, and are willing to participate in the study. Key findings The study indicated an increase in using electronic websites when purchasing medicines during the COVID-19 lockdown. Additionally, there was a significant correlation the between COVID-19 lockdown and the circulation of counterfeit drugs and medical supplies through the electronic market in Jordan. Conclusions The study indicated that the COVID-19 lockdown had influenced counterfeit drugs and medical supplies circulation through the electronic market in Jordan.Copyright © The Author(s) 2022.
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Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China and affected the whole world, still represents a unique global challenge with its contagiousness and lethality. The symptoms of COVID-19 patients may differ depending on the severity of the disease. According to the report published by the Ministry of Health Coronavirus Research Advisory Board on the diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19, drug combination therapy (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir / ritonavir and favipiravir) is recommended by health authorities. Drug-drug interaction is a possible situation as a result of simultaneous use of these drugs, which are metabolized by cytochrome P 450 enzymes (CYP), which are mostly found in the liver, with some other drugs. In this review, we aimed to show the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, especially by indicating the metabolism pathways. Result and Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects social life, economic and financial markets worldwide. Appropriate treatment protocols are of great importance but taking drug-drug interactions into account in treatment practices prevents unwanted results in patient treatment.Copyright © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
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Background and Aim: There have been limited capacity-building activities on One Health in the Philippines. To contribute to capacity development in One Health, the authors conducted the first short course on One Health in the country for health, allied health, and collaborating professionals. This study aimed to review the preparation and implementation of the One Health course and describe the challenges and opportunities of conducting the course during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): The course curriculum was developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts. The objectives for the course were as follows: (1) Describe the concept, scope, and applications of One Health;(2) identify social and economic factors influencing food security and safety, control of zoonoses, and combating antimicrobial resistance;and (3) describe the challenges and opportunities in applying the One Health approach to achieve better public health outcomes. Recruitment of participants was based on predetermined criteria. The 3-day course was conducted online through Zoom. Pre and post-tests as well as the evaluation of the course were administered through Google forms. Result(s): The 3-day online course was attended by 136 participants from 15 of the 17 administrative regions of the country. A multidisciplinary group of experts delivered a total of 11 lectures divided into the following sessions: (1) Fundamentals of One Health;(2) Interrelatedness of Human, Animal, and Environmental Health;and (3) Applications of One Health. Conclusion(s): As the first One Health course in the Philippines, this 3-day course demonstrated the feasibility of conducting capacity-building on One Health for a multidisciplinary group of participants during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. It may serve as a model for similar and more in-depth courses on One Health for specific groups in the future and has set the stage for intersectoral communication and education, providing an avenue for collaboration for professionals in various disciplines, and facilitating the expansion of One Health network in the Philippines.Copyright © Ampo, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome)-related corona viruses was first of all discovered 18 years ago in china from bats. Previously some study shown that bats are infected to animal kingdom and from animal this virus spread in human. As per report of identification and characterization of novel corona virus which is responsible for epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in human beings. First of all this protein of novel SARS are seen in Wuhan city of, China in January 2020.Copyright © 2019, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.
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Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is increasingly provided by health care teams through telehealth or hybrid modalities. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to assess the published literature and examine the economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes of CMM services provided by pharmacists via telehealth or hybrid modalities. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included if they: reported on economic, clinical, or humanistic outcomes;were conducted via telehealth or hybrid modalities;included a pharmacist on their interprofessional team;and evaluated CMM services. The search was conducted between January 1, 2000, and September 28, 2021. The search strategy was adapted for use in Medline (PubMed);Embase;Cochrane;Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature;PsychINFO;International Pharmaceutical s;Scopus;and grey literature. Four reviewers extracted data using a screening tool developed for this study and reviewed for risk of bias. Authors screened 3500 articles, from which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria (9 observational studies, 2 RCTs). In seven studies, clinical outcomes improved with telehealth CMM interventions compared to either usual care, face-to-face CMM, or educational controls, as shown by the statistically significant changes in chronic disease clinical outcomes. Two studies evaluated and found increased patient and provider satisfaction. One study described a source of revenue for a telehealth CMM service. Overall, study results indicate that telehealth CMM services, in select cases, may be associated with improved clinical outcomes, but the methods of the included studies were not homogenous enough to conclude that telehealth or hybrid modalities were superior to in-person CMM. To understand the full impact on the Quadruple Aim, additional research is needed to investigate the financial outcomes of CMM conducted using telehealth or hybrid technologies.Copyright © 2022 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.
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This study aims to investigate the reaction of COVID-19 cases (confirmed, deaths, recovered, & active) on twelve sectors of Indian economy by using sectoral indices of national stock exchange. Daily frequency of COVID-19 case categories was obtained from Worldometer from January 30, 2020 to June 30, 2020 and dataset of daily closing prices of twelve sectoral indices (auto, banks, financial services, fast moving consumer goods, information technology, media, metal, oil & gas, pharmaceutical, public sector banks, private banks, realty sector) was obtained from national stock exchange web portal for the same period as of COVID-19. In this study, the ordinary least square regression was used to study the significance of COVID-19 cases (confirmed, deaths, recovered, & active) on twelve sectoral indices. Empirical evidence suggested no significant impact of COVID-19 cases on daily returns of twelve major sectors represented by sectoral indices except in the case of pharmaceutical sector, where daily growth in number of deaths is impacting daily returns on pharmaceutical sectoral index in a positive way. The twelve sectoral indices went into a downward spiral at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, but as government and central bank introduced various policy measures, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sectoral indices faded away.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Circular economy is a model of economic, social and environmental production and consumption, aimed to build a sustainable society in tune with the available resources. In the Brundtland Report, (1987, United Nations) sustainability it is defined as an approach focused on "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The European Medical Association (EMA), that has currently more than 50 000 members, is involved in the advancement of health, pursuing educational and professional goals addressed to the quality of environment, lifestyle and civil society through a circular medicine approach. This is a comprehensive strategy, integrating best medical practice, bioinformatics and molecular biology with economy, artificial intelligence and machine learning. Circular Medicine is the resilient framework linking all these topics with circular economy methods. Innovative possibilities of circular medicine are many: it is a comprehensive paradigm shift, countering a non-medicine based on simplistic algorithms with guidelines of insufficient effectiveness, reliability and generalizability, often passed off as innovative Artificial-Intelligence approaches. We launched in 2020 a still ongoing survey aimed at the dissemination of information and at a greater sensitivity of all our members and followers on these topics, striving to build circular medicine in the real-world. This position document is based on its preliminary results: 1. Studying and investigating the links among health, climate change, biodiversity, circular economy, robust Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning support are goals and needed practice suitable to be pursued by EMA and other medical and scientific associations. Circular economy will be fruitfully used in health facilities, including hospitals, with health professionals and life science researchers acting also in the role of influencers and opinion leaders. 2. The interventions based on epidemiology, environmental sciences, best practice in medicine, sustainable technologies and molecular biology, the pillars of a potential framework of circular medicine, need a robust bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence support. 3. Academic curricula and health professionals CME courses should provide stronger digital knowledge, reliable procedures trainings and expertise along these lines. Daily routine of clinical observation and participatory dialogue are key elements for the progress toward a culture, practice and accomplishments of circular economy and medicine. 4. Molecular biology, still the most innovative field of medical and life science, has a role for strengthening the pathways of the circular economy, as a reliable and resilient basis of "circular medicine." 5. The lessons of COVID19, the ongoing battles for healthier lifestyles dealing with nutrition, exercise and against alcohol and cigarette smoking, and the concept of smart cities are some of the cornerstones of the proposed strategy for a real-world circular medicine. Debunking interventions against the misuse of scientific and medical are means for the development of circular economy and medicine. Effective roadmaps, guidelines and grids for recognizing and counteracting the overlap of bullying, imposter's fear, insufficient expertise and knowledge, fake assertions and evaluations are actively developed by EMA's ad-hoc workshops. AI knowledge and skills should be implemented within innovative molecular biology and medical best-practice academic-CME curricula.Copyright © 2023 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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COVID-19, or SARS-CoV-2, is an extremely deadly virus that is responsible for over half a million deaths of people in the world. This virus originated in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide in 2-3 months, and affected every part of the world. Its life-threatening nature forced governments in all countries to take emergency steps of lockdown that affected the entire world's education, health, social and economic aspects. Due to the implementation of these emergencies, the population is facing psychological, social and financial problems. Additionally, this pandemic has significantly influenced the health care systems as all the resources from governments of all countries were directed to invest funds to discover new diagnostic tests and manage COVID-19 infection. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education and social life of the population is described in this article. Additionally, the diagnosis, management, and phytoremedia-tion to control the spread of COVID-19 and traditional medicinal plants' role in managing its mild symptoms have been discussed.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the elasticity of the primary health care (PHC) private offices in Greece during the pandemic crisis, and to identify the features that make an independent private practice resilient to unfavorable situations. METHOD A survey of clinical and economic activities was conducted among general practitioners, internists and pediatricians working in private practice in Thessaloniki. The participants were questioned about their practice during the first (March to May 2020) and second (October to December 2020) phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out. RESULTS A significant drop in visits was reported during the pandemic, while telemedicine consultations increased. Profits were reduced, with variation depending on the size of the office and the specialty of the doctor. Most physicians received some sort of financial aid from the government, but overall, the consequences of the pandemic were not catastrophic for their private practice. CONCLUSIONS PHC private offices in Thessaloniki survived the difficulties caused by the pandemic, despite a loss in income. The private practitioners adjusted to the new policies that were implemented during this health crisis.Copyright © Athens Medical Society.
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Purpose- This paper is an analysis of the current COVID-19 scenario and its inevitable effect on the economies around the world. The aim of this study is to provide an overview and the implications of a pandemic to the health economics of any country irrespective of being developed or otherwise developing. Design/Methodology/Approach-For the same, data has been collected through secondary sources likes articles, reports including online and offline data sources. The implications of the pandemic under political and economic repercussions, and its implications to the policy makers in the immediate future were studied and complied for the current study. Findings- The study has brought forward a long-term assessments and speculations of the effects of the on going pandemic.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 known as coronavirus disease, has been dominating the headlines all over the world since about a year ago which is now almost under control. The World Health Organization (WHO) has labeled it a pandemic. Bangladesh is struggling with this virus with its scarce resources. Nearly two million people have been reported as confirmed cases of coronavirus disease in 185 countries worldwide in the five months after the virus first emerged in December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic affected people directly or indirectly all over the world. There has been a slowdown in all sectors worldwide and most of the global population was placed under lockdown. The families of 43.9 percent of the students might live in poverty, and export revenues from RMG fell by 18.12% from the previous year. Households in Chittagong city corporation experienced the least decrease in average income (11.7%) while the households in Sylhet city corporation experienced the most reduction in average income (63.4%). This COVID-19 created a widespread global shock. The government of Bangladesh has declared several stimulus plans worth a combined total of about USD 11.90 billion for the agricultural sector to ensure the country's food and nutritional security, for doctors, nurses, and the homeless for social safety, and for business sectors including small and medium enterprises and cottage industries at the early age of pandemic. There were 23 COVID-19 stimulus packages total across the nation, with a total outlay of USD 1.23 billion which is 4.44% of GDP. Approximately USD 3,529 million for the service sector and the impacted industries, USD 589 million to cover workers' salaries/allowances, and those of staff working in industries focused on exports were allocated as a package to tackle the serious impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © 2023, Science Publications. All rights reserved.
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Background: Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) are an inseparable part of multiple sclerosis (MS) management, which have dramatically changed the prognosis and course of the disease. A change during DMD therapy, which includes switching or stopping (temporary or permanent) medication, can manipulate the goals and has various causes such as side effects, ineffectiveness of treatment, patient's preference, presence of concurrent diseases and pregnancy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patterns and causes of DMD change in patients with MS (PwMS) in Tehran, Iran. The understanding will help us identify opportunities to improve adherence and ultimately patient outcomes and health system efficiency through effective education, and recognition of more tolerable or simpler regimens. The aim of this study is to identify rate and pattern of DMDs among PwMS in Tehran. Material(s) and Method(s): The study population of this cross-sectional was all PwMS in Tehran province who had changed their DMD for any reason in the last 5 years until June 2, 2022. The basic information was extracted through nationwide MS registry of Iran (NMSRI), Tehran, where all MS data including diagnosis had been confirmed by trained neurologists based on the 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Moreover, supplementary unregistered data were gathered through telephone follow-ups carried out by 6 trained physicians with precise quality checks. The questionnaires covered 5 aspects of MS including demographics, disease history, diagnosis, progress and treatment. DMDs were classified into 10 general classes. All participants were asked to attribute the change to distinct categories following a written pre-existing consent. IBM SPSS (version 23) was used for statistical analysis. All the steps taken were in complete adherence with the tenets of the declaration of Helsinki. Result(s): Among 1999 enrolled patients with a mean age of 36.9+/-9.4 and total disease duration of 7.06+/-5.8 years, 1315 experienced change (Group 1) during study period, while 684 did not (Group 2). There was no difference in terms of demographic characteristics between the two groups. On the other hand, Group 1 had longer disease durations and more comorbidities (P <0.001). Getting infected with COVID-19 more than 4 times was observed to be significantly higher in Group 1 (P =0.032). Unlike Patients with PPMS and RRMS, SPMS patients showed higher EDSS scores when experiencing no DMD change. The most widely used DMDs were interferons, while ocrelizumab was the least used drug. Corona virus had the most effect on the change of ocrelizumab. Conclusion(s): DMD change generally occurs independent of socioeconomic level. Since most of the patients (65.8%) experienced DMD change, which serves as the biggest cost component in PwMS, the economic aspects of MS management in this field should be considered in the future.Copyright © 2022
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This article considers current contemporaneous practical issues of delirium care in nursing homes with reference to a hypothetical case study B.M. I introduce the diagnosis and management of delirium-superim-posed-on-dementia (DSD), being relatively common in patients in advanced phases of illness of many nursing home residents. General principles are discussed, although this article applies mainly to higher income countries. There is inevitably much palliative and end-of-life care in nursing homes, necessitating rigorous advance care planning. Nursing home residents are especially prone to acquiring infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are traditionally the most commonly treat-ed infection among nursing home residents and, indeed, the accurate diagnosis of a UTI poses significant and distinctive challenges in the nursing home setting. There is no denying, however, that recently the global coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has posed an existential threat to both staff and residents of nursing homes. Resident-focused factors are striking. Psychotropic drugs are the most frequently prescribed medications in European nursing homes, but medication errors in nursing homes in general are relatively prevalent. Contributing factors to a high burden from pain for residents include residents belief set that age-related pain is inevitable, as well as un-der-recognition of pain and inappropriate pain assessment by clini-cians. Dehydration is associated with frailty, poor cognition, falls, de-lirium, disability, and mortality. Issues relating to the environment also matter. It is also impossible to ignore the organisational constraints on the provision of high quality care. Faced with widespread staffing short-ages, and many economies in financial distress, one partial solution is to retain current staff longer in nursing homes. Research on nursing home staffing has expanded beyond just staffing levels to include mul-tiple other staffing issues of concern.Copyright © by Societa Italiana di Gerontologia e Geriatria (SIGG).